Simple laboratory test for; copper, calcium, carbonate and chloride.

For simple practical purposes, in a laboratory test for an unknown salt. This is what you should do.
Test for calcium : in an unknown salt, add few drops of sodium hydroxide solution. Formation of white precipitate will be formed, which is insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide, which indicate the presence of calcium.

Test for copper: in an unknown salt solution, add few few drops of ( aq ) ammonia. If copper is present, a pale blue/ light blue precipitate of copper(II) hydroxide, which dissolve in excess dilute ammonia, to give a deep blue solution. In copper test, the use of sodium hydroxide forms a pale blue precipitate and in excess, it is insoluble.

Test for chloride : test for chloride is much lengthy than others. Acidify the unknown solution, with excess dilute trioxonitrate ( v ) acid ( to prevent the precipitation of other salts ), and then add a few drops of silver trioxonitrate (v) or silver nitrate. A white precipitate of silver chloride, which readily dissolve in dilute ammonia. This indicates the presence of chloride.
N/B it can also be carried out with lead (II) trioxonitrate (v), a white precipitate of lead (II) chloride. which readily dissolve, when heated and reappear when cooled. This indicates the presence of chloride.

Carbonate : in a laboratory practical, the test for carbonate, is the more simple than others. A lime water, can serve as HCL or HNO3, is added to an unknown solution. There is the  occurrence of effervescent as carbon. This means carbonate confirmed.